Aizawa is completely scarred for life and the words that have haunted him the most are the ones that say he deserved it.
This was his bully's entire rationale. That if someone is being bullied it's their fault and they're the ones that should get themselves out of it.
So what Aizawa is doing is putting his bully's mentality to the test. To see if he can still say that to the person he is closest to, his own daughter.
His bully will have no choice but to admit he was wrong if he has any humanity left inside him, and then Aizawa wins. He will be proven right, and that what happened to him was in fact wrong and not his fault.
That is the greatest form of comeback he can imagine. He will finally feel like his actions and thoughts were justified and that he's not a loser.
There is a small chance the bully will actually discard his own daughter but from the way he's being portrayed it does seem like he cares about her even if everything else is meaningless to him.
Would be an interesting scenario too if this were to happen though, as it would make Aizawa's entire plan crumble and he'd have to actually come face to face with his bully's mentality and deal with it of his own accord.
Of course I fully expect Aizawa to have a turn of heart somewhere down the line and realize continuing the cycle isn't right, as is fairly typical with these stories, but who knows.